Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes affects approximately 1 million Tanzanians and is rapidly increasing. Left uncontrolled, it causes blindness, kidney failure, and limb amputations.
Always confirm diagnosis and treatment with a qualified health professional.
Compiled from public health references including the CDC, Mayo Clinic, WebMD, the World Health Organization, and the Tanzania Ministry of Health.
Overview
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar (glucose). Type 2 diabetes (90% of cases) is strongly linked to obesity, physical inactivity, and diet, and is increasingly common in Tanzanian cities. Type 1 diabetes requires lifelong insulin.
Common Symptoms
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing wounds
- Frequent infections (skin, urinary tract)
- Tingling or numbness in hands and feet
Treatment
Type 2 (most common):
- Lifestyle: diet changes, weight loss, physical activity
- Oral medication: metformin (first-line, available free at public facilities)
- Insulin if medication is insufficient
Type 1:
- Insulin therapy is essential and lifelong
- Blood glucose monitoring
- HbA1c check every 3–6 months
Regular foot, eye, and kidney checks to detect complications early.
Prevention
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise at least 30 minutes most days
- Eat a balanced diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein
- Reduce sugary drinks and processed foods
- Get a blood sugar check if you are overweight, have a family history, or are over 45
- Blood glucose screening is free at public health centres
Cost & NHIF Coverage
Public facilities: Blood glucose testing and basic medication (e.g. metformin) at subsidised cost; insulin is available but supply can be inconsistent.
NHIF: Covers consultations, routine monitoring, and medication at accredited facilities as a chronic condition.
Private facilities: Glucose test TZS 5,000–15,000; HbA1c test TZS 20,000–40,000; monthly medication TZS 10,000–50,000+ depending on whether insulin is required.
Estimated ranges — actual cost varies by facility. Confirm with reception and check your insurer's coverage before treatment.
Where to Get Care
Confirm with reception that the facility treats this condition and that your insurer is accepted before visiting.