Diarrhoeal Disease
Diarrhoea kills thousands of Tanzanian children each year, almost entirely from dehydration that is preventable with oral rehydration solution.
Always confirm diagnosis and treatment with a qualified health professional.
Compiled from public health references including the CDC, Mayo Clinic, WebMD, the World Health Organization, and the Tanzania Ministry of Health.
Overview
Diarrhoeal disease — defined as three or more loose stools per day — is caused by bacteria, viruses (rotavirus), or parasites. Contaminated water and poor hygiene are the main drivers in Tanzania. Children under 5 and malnourished individuals are most vulnerable.
Common Symptoms
- Loose, watery stools three or more times per day
- Stomach cramps and bloating
- Nausea or vomiting
- Fever
- Signs of dehydration: thirst, dry mouth, sunken eyes, reduced urination, lethargy
Treatment
- Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS): Give immediately to replace lost fluids and salts. Mix one sachet in 1 litre of clean water. Free at all health facilities.
- Continue feeding normally (breastfeed infants more frequently)
- Zinc supplements: 10–14 days reduces severity and duration in children
- Seek care if diarrhoea lasts more than 3 days, there is blood in stool, or signs of severe dehydration appear
Prevention
- Drink only boiled or treated water
- Wash hands with soap after using the toilet and before food preparation
- Rotavirus vaccine (free under Tanzania's immunisation schedule)
- Breastfeed exclusively for 6 months
- Proper food storage and hygiene
Cost & NHIF Coverage
Public facilities: Oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc are free or very low cost at government facilities, including under-5 clinics.
NHIF: Covers consultation and IV fluids/medication at accredited facilities if hospitalisation is needed for severe dehydration.
Private facilities: Consultation TZS 10,000–20,000; ORS/zinc a few thousand TZS; IV rehydration and admission for severe cases can add TZS 50,000–150,000+.
Estimated ranges — actual cost varies by facility. Confirm with reception and check your insurer's coverage before treatment.
Where to Get Care
Confirm with reception that the facility treats this condition and that your insurer is accepted before visiting.