Eye Conditions & Trachoma
Tanzania has one of the world's highest trachoma burdens. Combined with cataracts, it makes eye disease a leading cause of preventable blindness in Tanzania.
Always confirm diagnosis and treatment with a qualified health professional.
Compiled from public health references including the CDC, Mayo Clinic, WebMD, the World Health Organization, and the Tanzania Ministry of Health.
Overview
Trachoma is a bacterial eye infection (Chlamydia trachomatis) spread by flies, contact with discharge, and contaminated hands/towels. Repeated infections lead to scarring of the eyelid and eventual blindness. Tanzania has more than 2 million people requiring surgery for trichiasis (in-turned eyelashes). Cataracts (clouding of the lens) are the most common cause of reversible blindness and treatable with surgery.
Common Symptoms
Trachoma:
- Eye discharge, irritation, and redness
- Swollen eyelids
- Pain from in-turned eyelashes (trichiasis) — late stage
- Corneal scarring and vision loss
Cataracts:
- Gradual, painless clouding of vision
- Difficulty seeing in bright light or at night
- Faded colours
- Double vision
Treatment
Trachoma:
- Azithromycin (oral, single dose) — kills the bacteria; mass drug administration campaigns run annually
- Trichiasis surgery — eyelid surgery to prevent corneal damage
- CCBRT (Dar es Salaam) is a leading centre for eye surgery
Cataracts:
- Cataract surgery (phacoemulsification) restores vision — available at regional hospitals and CCBRT
- Very low or zero cost for eligible patients under outreach programmes
Prevention
- Wash face and hands regularly — especially children
- Improve sanitation and reduce fly populations
- Annual azithromycin campaigns in endemic areas
- Eye examinations at least every 2 years — many facilities offer free screening days
- Protect eyes from UV exposure (sunglasses)
Cost & NHIF Coverage
Public facilities: Trachoma screening and treatment (antibiotics, and surgery for advanced cases) are provided free or at low cost through national trachoma elimination efforts, particularly in endemic regions.
NHIF: Covers eye consultations and treatment at accredited facilities, including some surgical procedures depending on the plan.
Private facilities: Eye examination TZS 15,000–40,000; antibiotic treatment a few thousand TZS; corrective eyelid surgery for trichiasis (advanced trachoma) at a private facility can cost TZS 100,000–400,000, though it is often available free through public elimination campaigns.
Estimated ranges — actual cost varies by facility. Confirm with reception and check your insurer's coverage before treatment.
Where to Get Care
Confirm with reception that the facility treats this condition and that your insurer is accepted before visiting.