Malaria
Malaria is the most common cause of outpatient visits in Tanzania, spread by infected mosquito bites. It is treatable but can be fatal if delayed.
Always confirm diagnosis and treatment with a qualified health professional.
Compiled from public health references including the CDC, Mayo Clinic, WebMD, the World Health Organization, and the Tanzania Ministry of Health.
Overview
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. Tanzania has among the highest malaria burdens in the world, with transmission highest in the coastal lowlands, Lake Victoria basin, and western regions. P. falciparum accounts for over 95% of cases and is the most dangerous species.
Common Symptoms
- Sudden high fever (38°C or higher)
- Chills and shivering
- Severe headache
- Muscle and joint pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fatigue
- In severe cases: confusion, seizures, difficulty breathing
Treatment
Seek care immediately if you suspect malaria — do not wait. A rapid diagnostic test (RDT) or blood smear confirms the diagnosis within minutes.
- Uncomplicated malaria: Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) such as ALDT or AMLOD for 3 days. Available free at public facilities.
- Severe malaria: IV artesunate in hospital; requires admission.
- Complete the full course of medication even if you feel better.
Prevention
- Sleep under an insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) every night
- Use indoor residual spraying (IRS) if offered by your local health office
- Wear long sleeves and trousers at dusk and dawn
- Use mosquito repellent (DEET-based)
- Pregnant women and children under 5 should receive preventive treatment at the health centre
Cost & NHIF Coverage
Public facilities: Free diagnosis (RDT) and first-line treatment (ACT) under the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP).
NHIF: Fully covered at accredited facilities, including severe malaria admission.
Private facilities: Consultation + RDT typically TZS 10,000–30,000; ACT course TZS 5,000–15,000 if bought out of pocket; severe malaria admission can run into hundreds of thousands of TZS depending on length of stay.
Estimated ranges — actual cost varies by facility. Confirm with reception and check your insurer's coverage before treatment.
Where to Get Care
Confirm with reception that the facility treats this condition and that your insurer is accepted before visiting.