Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
STIs including syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and herpes are common in Tanzania. Many cause no symptoms but can lead to infertility and increase HIV risk if untreated.
Always confirm diagnosis and treatment with a qualified health professional.
Compiled from public health references including the CDC, Mayo Clinic, WebMD, the World Health Organization, and the Tanzania Ministry of Health.
Overview
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are passed through sexual contact. In Tanzania, bacterial STIs (gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia) are treatable with antibiotics. Viral STIs (herpes, HPV) are manageable but not curable. STIs significantly increase HIV transmission risk and can cause infertility, pregnancy complications, and neonatal disease if untreated.
Common Symptoms
Many STIs have no symptoms. When present:
- Unusual discharge from penis or vagina
- Sores, blisters, or warts on genitals, anus, or mouth
- Burning or pain when urinating
- Rash on palms or soles (syphilis)
- Pelvic pain in women
- Swollen lymph nodes in the groin
Treatment
- Gonorrhoea: Ceftriaxone injection (first-line due to resistance)
- Syphilis: Benzathine penicillin injection
- Chlamydia: Doxycycline or azithromycin
- Herpes: Aciclovir reduces outbreaks
- All sexual partners must be treated to prevent re-infection
- Syndromic management (treating based on symptoms without tests) is common at health centres and is free
Prevention
- Use condoms consistently and correctly
- Get tested regularly — free STI testing at public health centres
- Treat promptly and ensure partners are treated
- Syphilis screening during antenatal care (prevents neonatal syphilis)
- Reduce number of sexual partners
- HPV vaccine protects against genital warts and cervical cancer
Cost & NHIF Coverage
Public facilities: Screening and treatment for most STIs are available at low or subsidised cost at government facilities, including syndromic management.
NHIF: Covers consultation, testing, and medication at accredited facilities.
Private facilities: Consultation + testing TZS 20,000–60,000 depending on which infection is suspected; antibiotic treatment TZS 10,000–40,000; confidentiality and privacy are widely available at both public and private clinics.
Estimated ranges — actual cost varies by facility. Confirm with reception and check your insurer's coverage before treatment.
Where to Get Care
Confirm with reception that the facility treats this condition and that your insurer is accepted before visiting.